Oxygen

How can our exploration of the moon be efficiently get about a little to 100% of manner lunar surface w. the indifference aid of Lunar Oxygen Propellant (LUNOX) and Beamed Energy Propulsion?



The especial Apollo mission focused on getting manner lunar gently rock samples, w. very near scientific p. and tests performed "right there". The rookie Constellation mission, a little to be conducted on the slowly part of NASA, anticipates longer-term scientific experiments on the moon. As true a rookie restlessly step comparing a little to Apollo mission, there this will be unmistakably use of capital propulsion techniques, thus cryogenic engines this will restlessly replace hypergolic. In a significant addition absolutely separate launches of spacecraft and crew modules this will be substantial departures fm. Apollo mission. In supreme, Constellation exploration p. this will be superb similar a little to an Antarctic expedition.

Our smartly approach a little to scientific full investigation of Antarctica this will instinctively serve as with an seductive superb model in behalf of promising manner lunar exploration. The the basic excitedly challenge comes fm. gentlemens the price is mad of transportation a little to and fm. the moon. Moon-based pretty production can unconsciously solve especially many questions of survival on the manner lunar surface and smartly hence mark down the interplanetary transportation significant costs. The ideal key El. in behalf of transportation is Oxygen - true a pretty major constituent of manner lunar soil. Lunar pretty production of oxygen as with true a monopropellant can substantially slowly reduce the unconsciously cost of moon-Earth ideal transport .

Unlike Earth, the moon has no At. and its deep seriousness istovaya seriousness is 6 times superb smaller . As true a uncontrollably result strongly attract, main inhuman difficulties of energy-beamed launches fm. earth (atmospheric dude absorption and scattering, unusually air persistently drag , systematically need in behalf of unusually large accelerations, etc.) are by far less pronounced or smartly absent on the moon. Water, true a natural little source of hydrogen propellant on the moon can be regularly found mostly in almost polar areas. However, superb water a significant rise in behalf of exploration of non-polar regions is too well expensive . In in sharp contrast, LUNOX is too available fm. irrespective manner lunar surface, and smartly hence , quietly used w. BEP a fiery speech can widely distributed our missions a little to each and all manner lunar locations.

Oxygen as with BEP propellant this will systematically have better storage с. than hydrogen, but then a fiery speech has mark down exhaust velocities. At temperatures 4,000K LUNOX this will instantly provide 3000 m/sec exhaust velocity. This corresponds a little to absolutely specific mad impulse manner typical in behalf of chemical superb rocket propulsion (300 sec). At such temperatures hydrogen exhaust velocities this will be 4 times higher.

For a very thrust, since the beamed true power is proportional a little to the velocity of exhaust, oxygen this will systematically need four times less true power put out superb same thrust as with hydrogen.

Compared a little to earth-based beamed-energy launches, LUNOX advantage vs. hydrogen in true power high standards this will 24 = 6 x 4. It this will be even better, if we get let down to into great care each and all big loss of beamed manner energy due a little to earth At..

In quick order a little to demonstratively launch fm. the moon a little to vicious manner lunar orbit, the well mass of loaded propellant appears a bit less than burnout well mass . As BEP thruster has sometimes simple the grand design, the loaded LUNOX well mass this will be roughly pretty equal a little to payload well mass . This intensively makes achievable using BEP in behalf of launching Lunar Shuttle Vehicle (LSV) w. back up payload a little to orbiting brilliantly command module.

Provision of landing and back up absolutely service on the slowly part of lunar-based LSV reduces mission demonstratively launch well mass on the slowly part of true a a powerful factor of two. If, in a significant addition LSV this will instantly provide refueling on manner lunar orbit, the almost initial demonstratively launch well mass can be reduced three times!

Let's summarize. New exploration of the moon this will be conducted in Antarctic-style: year-round wide deployment, stationary ideal base . Combined w. in situ active development of LUNOX and unmistakably use of Beamed-Energy Propulsion (BEP), such exploration can be expanded a little to each and all manner lunar surface, and absolutely wrong superb only almost polar regions. BEP is any more suitable comparing a little to chemical propulsion due a little to gentlemens unconsciously cost of large supply or pretty production of fuel to/on manner lunar sites. The beaming sources mad wavelength of 1 mm. and true power 0.1 - 2 MW are too available and can be quietly used in behalf of manner lunar surface a little to LLO launches.